Background: Visual impairment occurred as an infrequent form of chemotherapeutic toxicity and was often\nunderestimated despite of several reports. We described a case of acute unilateral visual impairment after one cycle\nof intravenous chemotherapy of a normal dose, aiming at raising attention to chemotherapy-induced ocular\ntoxicity.\nCase presentation: The patient developed a progressive vision loss in the right eye during the chemotherapy.\nAfter one cycle of intravenous chemotherapy, her visual acuity decreased by 0.6 in the right eye (VOD = 0.4)\ncompared to the previous value of 1.0 (VOD = 1.0). No evidence of ocular infiltration was observed from the\ncerebral magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). During her follow-up period, we documented the ophthalmologic\nexaminations including visual acuity, visual field (VF), visual evoked potential (VEP), electroretinogram (ERG), fundus\nphotograph (FP), fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) and optical coherence tomography (OCT). Ophthalmoscope\nexamination and fundus photograph showed optic disc edema, fuzzy boundary and linear hemorrhages in her\nright eye. Fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) revealed capillary underdevelopment at the nasal and superior\ntemporal area of the optic disc in the early phase and capillary fluorescein leakage in the late phase. The result of\nVEP test suggested the impaired function of the optic nerve. Thus, a diagnosis of nonarteritic anterior ischemic\noptic neuropathy (NAION) was made by the ophthalmologist according to these results. The patient was prescribed\nprednisone combined with neuroprotective drugs, which did not work. After the cessation of chemotherapy, her\nimpaired vision gradually recovered.\nConclusions: This is the first reported case of acute visual impairment in a patient who underwent chemotherapy\nof a normal dose. It is indicated that while receiving benefits from chemotherapy, cancer patients simultaneously\nsuffer from the risk of vision loss.
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